莲华勇士 2008-1-26 18:04
[推荐][构建和谐社会]临终助念的新铨释初探
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>临终助念的新铨释初探 </STRONG></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>陈锡琦<SPAN lang=EN-US>(2004)</SPAN>。</STRONG></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>临终助念新诠释初探 </STRONG></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>发表于南华大学主办,第四届“现代生死学理论建构”学术研讨会,嘉义。<SPAN lang=EN-US>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">华梵大学人文教育研究中心<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN>陈锡琦<SPAN lang=EN-US>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><A href="mailto:chi@cc.hfu.edu.tw"><FONT size=5><STRONG>chi@cc.hfu.edu.tw</STRONG></FONT></A>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>摘要<SPAN lang=EN-US>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></STRONG></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">“临终助念”或“助念”一词,已是一个愈来愈普遍的名词。“临终助念”在传统上,自有其一套理论与运作方式;对现代人而言,除了传统的意义外,有其新的意义,此即本文所谓“新诠释”。本文探讨的重点有三,首先以文献探讨的方式来进行佛教临终助念的传统意义,其次以扎根理论研究法来分析笔者多年来实地参与临终助念的回忆纪录,尝试描绘出临终助念在现代的意义。最后在经典与经验的交会中讨论临终助念的新诠释。本文初步发现,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">临终助念在传统意义之外,对现代人有其新的意义,诸如社会支持等。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">关键辞:临终助念、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">社会支持</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>一、前言<SPAN lang=EN-US>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG></STRONG></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>随着生死学、安宁疗护及佛法观念的普及开来,再加上佛教助念团体的日增与其深入社会的服务,“临终助念”或“助念”一词,已是一个愈来愈普遍的名词。当有人要临终时,对临命终者而言,助念常是一件重要的大事,尤其是佛教徒对临终助念特别重视。除了医学处置外,对某些临命终者的家属而言,往生室、助念室及临终助念对他们来说是需要的,因此,目前国内有些具规模的医院,都设有往生室,提供助念室供需要者作临终助念用。<SPAN lang=EN-US>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></STRONG></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">“临终助念”在传统上,与佛教徒对生命本来的认知与生命未来的愿望,如求生西方净土,有密切的关系,其自有其一套理论与运作方式;时至今日,有些人虽不是佛教徒但也接受临终助念的观念与行动,这正显现出临终助念在当今的环境下,对现代人而言,除了传统的意义外,有其新的意义,本文所谓“新诠释”,意即在此。<SPAN lang=EN-US>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">本文探讨的重点有三,首先从佛教临终助念的传统意义谈起,这部份将以与临终助念有关的佛教西方净土经论及近年来专家学者的专着,以文献探讨的方式来进行;以西方净土相关经论为主,乃基于现今的助念其理论与实务绝大多数是以其为根据故。其次以笔者多年来实地参与临终助念的个案回忆纪录及助念回忆纪录为研究资料,以扎根理论研究法</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">the grounded theory method</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)(徐宗国</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><BR> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">译,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1997</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;吴芝仪、廖梅花</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">译,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2003</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),以其三种基本译码(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">coding</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)的逻辑和目标,决定理论性抽样(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">theoretical sampling</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)的原则和程序,将资料逐步加以分析、归类,提出概念;首先以开放性译码(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">open coding</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)做分析;其次以主轴译码(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">axial coding</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)解读范畴与范畴间可能的关系,最后以选择性译码(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">selective coding</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)选择核心范畴,将它与其它范畴有系统的做联系,并举出实例,用以说明及验证其间的关系,以建立起整个经验现象中的脉落关系</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">,尝试描绘出临终助念对现代人的意义。最后根据上述的结果来加以讨论。<SPAN lang=EN-US></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>二、佛教临终助念的传统意义<SPAN lang=EN-US>---</SPAN>经典取向<SPAN lang=EN-US>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></STRONG></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">“临终”一词是指个人寿命临将终了的时段。这一个时段对佛教徒来说是极其重要的,对修持西方净土法门的行者来说,更是具有重要意义,是个人能否了生脱死,超凡入圣,往生西方净土的关键时机。如:<SPAN lang=EN-US>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>《佛说阿弥陀经》(注<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>)“舍利弗。不可以少善根福德因缘得生彼国。舍利弗。若有善男子善女人。闻说阿弥陀佛。执持名号。若一日。若二日。若三日。若四日。若五日。若六日。若七日。一心不乱。其人临命终时。阿弥陀佛与诸圣众。现在其前。是人终时心不颠倒。即得往生阿弥陀佛极乐国土。”<SPAN lang=EN-US>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG></STRONG></FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>这段经文大意是说:不可以少善根、福德、因缘而得以往生到西方净土。一位听到阿弥陀佛名号,而能执持阿弥陀佛名号的善男子或善女人,如果想要往生阿弥陀佛极乐国土,必须能在平时念佛念到一心不乱,如此在其临命终时,亦即靠近命终的那一段时间,以其念佛念到一心不乱的功夫,感得阿弥陀佛与诸圣众现在其前,是人在命要终了之时,若能保持念佛而心不颠倒,则在命终之时当下即得往生阿弥陀佛极乐国土。<SPAN lang=EN-US>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">上述经文明显指出“不可以少善根福德因缘得生彼国。”可见“善根福德因缘”是往生西方净土的主要因素。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">赖鹏举</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2004</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">)指出,“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">善根</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">”是指“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">若有善男子善女人。闻说阿弥陀佛。执持名号。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">”“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">福德</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">”是指“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">若一日。若二日。若三日。若四日。若五日。若六日。若七日。一心不乱。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">”“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">因缘</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">”是指“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">其人临命终时。阿弥陀佛与诸圣众。现在其前。是人终时心不颠倒。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">”就时间先后顺序而言,“一心不乱”的成就为平日的功夫居前;“阿弥陀佛与诸圣众现在其前”是在“临命终时”,“临”者是指接近命终的那一段时间,较后文之“终时”为前,故居次;而“心不颠倒”的“终时”,即指最后命终的时间,故在时间上居于三者之末(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">赖鹏举,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2004</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">)。<SPAN lang=EN-US>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>《佛说观无量寿佛经》(注<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>)“佛告阿难及韦提希。下品下生者。或有众生作不善业五逆十恶。具诸不善。如此愚人以恶业故。应堕恶道经历多劫受苦无穷。如此愚人临命终时。遇善知识种种安慰为说妙法教令念佛。彼人苦逼不遑念佛。善友告言。汝若不能念彼佛者。应称归命无量寿佛。如是至心令声不绝。具足十念称南无阿弥陀佛。称佛名故。于念念中。除八十亿劫生死之罪。命终之时见金莲花犹如日轮住其人前。如一念顷即得往生极乐世界。”<SPAN lang=EN-US>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>上述经文显示出,任何人临终时,都可能受到其先前所造业力的影响,而随业流转,纵然是当堕地狱之人,若能遇到善知识的开导,至诚恳切称念阿弥陀佛十声,亦得往生西方净土。可见,从临命终开始,能不能保持一心念佛,及至命终时,能否心不颠倒,是能否往生西方净土的关键因素。又如,<SPAN lang=EN-US>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN class=foot><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">释昙鸾撰</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">《略论安乐净土义》(注<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>)“一往言十念相续。似若不难。然凡夫心犹野马。识剧猿猴。驰骋六尘。不暂停息。宜至信心预自克念。便积习成性。善根坚固也。如佛告频婆娑罗王。人积善行。死无恶念。如树西倾。必倒随曲。若便刀风一至。百苦凑身。若习前不在。怀念何可辨。”<SPAN lang=EN-US>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">所谓“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">一往言十念相续。似若不难。然凡夫心犹野马。识剧猿猴。驰骋六尘。不暂停息。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">”指出一般人在平常时要能持续一心念佛十声,看似容易其实是不容易的,因为人心常是妄想纷飞而难以自我控制的,因此平日要能念佛念到一心,是需要下工夫的,更何况临命终时,“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">若便刀风一至。百苦凑身。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">”,各种身心问题犹如“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">刀风一至。百苦凑身。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">”,那时要能念佛念至一心,乃至只是持续一心念佛十声,都会比平时困难上好多好多倍的。<SPAN lang=EN-US>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">为了确保“临命终时能一心念佛,及至命终时能</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">心不颠倒”,得以往生西方净土;临终助念遂应运而生,亦即由同修莲友们,在临命终者身旁念阿弥陀佛,临终者由听闻佛号,而引发自己心中保持念佛不断,及至命终之时,心不颠倒得以往生西方净土。如:<SPAN lang=EN-US>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>《略论安乐净土义》(注<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>)“又宜同志五三共结言要。垂命终时。迭相开晓。为称阿弥陀佛名号愿生安乐。声声相次。使成十念也。譬如蜡印印泥。印坏文成。此命断时。即是生安乐时。一入正定聚。更何所忧也”<SPAN lang=EN-US>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">总结上述,临终助念是为让临终者能保持念佛,感佛菩萨现前来迎,命终之时心不颠倒,因(念佛而心不颠倒)缘(佛菩萨现前来迎)具足得以顺利往生西方净土,此是临终助念的传统意义,也是根本意义;而其助念的对象与助念者以平日同修莲友为主,是一种彼此互助的型态。<SPAN lang=EN-US>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>三、佛教临终助念的现代意义<SPAN lang=EN-US>---</SPAN>经验取向</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以下将以笔者个人实地参与临终助念的回忆纪录做为研究资料,包括个案回忆纪录(以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">代表)及助念回忆纪录(以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">R</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">代表)两种,用来探讨</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">佛教临终助念的现代意义。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.0gd; tab-stops: 414.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=5><STRONG>笔者最初的助念意图是出于一种传统的临终助念意义;而这种助念意图的形成,与笔者学佛的道场之道风有密切关系,这也是当时多数为人助念者的意图;但因自己所参与的团体没有助念团,故一直没有机会实地参与临终助念。</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
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[[i] 本帖最后由 莲华勇士 于 2008-3-3 10:16 编辑 [/i]]
莲华勇士 2008-1-26 18:07
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<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 0cm"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><STRONG><FONT size=5></FONT></STRONG></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 12.0pt; tab-stops: 414.0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">凡参加助念者皆须经上师传授助念仪轨,依法本及个人修持状况为亡者助念(<SPAN lang=EN-US>R004</SPAN>)。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 12.0pt; tab-stops: 414.0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; tab-stops: 414.0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>助念团的服务对象没有限制,服务时间</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>小时开放,服务内容有两种,临终关怀(断气前)及临终助念(断气后),只要有人申请临终助念,就会尽量安排团员前往助念,每班两小时,以四班八小时为限,且第一班人员会提供金刚明砂、舍利子及陀罗尼被的服务,若是临终关怀,每人一次为限,这些服务是完全免费的。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; tab-stops: 414.0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 12.0pt; tab-stops: 414.0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">助念团的对象没有限制,只要有人需要助念,打电话给助念专线人员,专线人员就会立即安排助念人员前往助念,并尽量念完八小时,这是一种<SPAN lang=EN-US>24</SPAN>小时全年无休,完全免费的服务。刚开始时我参加台北总社的助念团,后来转入桃园助念团,最常去的助念地点是林口长庚医院,因为家住林口故,常又机会担任第一班的助念,第一班的人,要为临终者洒金刚明砂、放置舍利子及盖上陀罗尼被<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN>(<SPAN lang=EN-US>R005</SPAN>)。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 12.0pt; tab-stops: 414.0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 12.0pt; tab-stops: 414.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><FONT size=5><STRONG>(三)参与临终助念的经验</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 12.0pt; tab-stops: 414.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><STRONG><FONT size=5></FONT></STRONG></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 30.0pt; tab-stops: list 30.0pt left 414.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: " Roman?;? New Times><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1、</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>临终助念对助念团团员的意义</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 30.0pt; tab-stops: list 30.0pt left 414.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 30pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 30.0pt; tab-stops: 414.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><FONT size=5><STRONG>参与临终助念对团员来说,有两个层面的意义:</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBlockText style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 30pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><FONT size=5><STRONG>一者度他:临终助念本来就是要协助临终者能保持正念往生西方净土,对助念者来说就是一种菩萨道的实践,也是实践参与助念团的初衷。</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBlockText style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 30pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><STRONG><FONT size=5></FONT></STRONG></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 30pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 30.0pt; tab-stops: 414.0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>有时很累,尤其在半夜二三点要去助念,心力有时会提不起来,但想到临终者、阿弥陀佛、上师的悲愿及自己的所发的愿,只好打起精神来,念完后,虽然身子很累,心理总是庆幸来对了(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R006</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 30pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 30.0pt; tab-stops: 414.0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoBlockText style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 30pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><FONT size=5><STRONG>二者是自度:死亡的脸孔透过临终者,活生生的呈现在助念者的眼前,面对临终者,自然让人顿时“狂心渐歇”,激起应更精进修行的心,以面对自己的生死;</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBlockText style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 30pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><STRONG><FONT size=5></FONT></STRONG></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 30pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 30.0pt; tab-stops: 414.0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>每当助念一开始,面对着临终者,整个心就自然平静下来,面对不同状况的临终者,会有不同的感觉,常会反问自己,面对死亡还有什么事放不下呢?准备好了吗?应该再努力一点!(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R007</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 30pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 30.0pt; tab-stops: 414.0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoBlockText style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 30pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><FONT size=5><STRONG>助念者一边为临终者助念或开导,同时也是在念念中净化或开导自己,也清清楚楚的检查自己的心念,藉此可于事后反思自己,调整自己助念或平时的修持状况。</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBlockText style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 30pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><STRONG><FONT size=5></FONT></STRONG></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 30pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 30.0pt; tab-stops: 414.0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>我相信自己的心有多定就能利益临终者几分,念念清楚无妄想是很重要的,我常想对临终者的开导,不就是给自己的开导?藉此机会一再提醒自己如何面对死亡的来临;如何让自己能用最大的心力来为临终者助念?我常想,我自己就是那位临终者,现正处于生死交关之际,希望能得到帮助,希望阿弥陀佛来接引,用这样的心情来念佛,念起来真的不一样。助念完当日,了生死的心,常会在心中有较为明显的显现,好像是一种充电的感觉(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R008</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 30pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 30.0pt; tab-stops: 414.0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 30.0pt; tab-stops: list 30.0pt left 414.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: " Roman?;? New Times><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2、</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>临终助念对家属的意义</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 30.0pt; tab-stops: list 30.0pt left 414.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>通常都是家属打电话来申请临终助念,这有两种状况,若是医师告知家属病危者,有的会先申请临终关怀,若是医师已宣告死亡者,就申请做临终助念。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>家属为什么申请临终关怀或助念?有以下几种状况:</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><FONT size=5><STRONG>一者完成临终者本身的愿望,通常临终者是佛教徒,生前有交代要做临终助念,希望能顺利往生西方净土,这是一种家属的责任。</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>岳父在世时,我们就为他准备好陀罗尼被等整套临终的用品,放在家中备用,希望我们为他做临终助念,岳父火化后烧出许多舍利子,岳母见状很高兴,交代以后她也要照办(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R009</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><FONT size=5><STRONG>二者家属的主观意愿,希望临终者能往生净土或生到好处,或顺利往生,或送他一程,或为他做功德等,这有几种状况;</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><STRONG><FONT size=5></FONT></STRONG></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)家属信仰佛教,依其信仰,希望临终者能往生净土,如</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><PERSONNAME productid="陈" wst="on"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">陈</SPAN></PERSONNAME><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">太太是为虔诚佛教徒,与我住同一社区,已七十多岁,她跟我说,平常只有我跟我先生住在一起,他现在重病,随时会走,希望你们可以来帮忙助念,<SPAN lang=EN-US>….</SPAN>,有一天<PERSONNAME productid="陈" wst="on">陈</PERSONNAME>太太打电话找我,说她先生好像往生了,我到她家后就开始助念,<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN>并助念团前来轮班助念(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C009</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>表示个案,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">009</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>是代号,以下类推</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)家属中有某个人是信仰佛教,且他对其他成员具有影响力或做决定的权利,依其信仰,希望临终者能往生净土,如</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">我父亲在此病房已住了四十九天(临终者当时在昏迷中),我们姊妹四人,我是老大,老三信天主教,其余三人信佛教,父亲生前有拜观音,所以我们给他听观世音菩萨的圣号,请您们来给她做临终关怀,希望他能顺利往生,<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN>(<SPAN lang=EN-US>C010</SPAN>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”;</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)家属非佛教徒,其中具有决定权力的家属,经他人建议,安排助念事宜,如</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">伯父重病时,我即主动与大堂兄四堂兄及五堂兄谈到临终助念的事,在充分了解后,他们同意将来为伯父助念,<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN>伯父往生时,五堂兄第一个打电话通知我,并请助念团前来助念(<SPAN lang=EN-US>RO1O</SPAN>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)有的家属,经人临时建议,接受助念,如</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">在助念时,看见有的家属很悲伤、彷徨无助,我会送给他们与处理临终有关的东西,并询问要不要助念,并跟他强调是免费的,有些家属一时不知如何反应,有些会收下我给他的东西,有的会同意助念就开始助念(<SPAN lang=EN-US>R011</SPAN>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><FONT size=5><STRONG>又如,</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><STRONG><FONT size=5></FONT></STRONG></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">妈妈在省立新竹医院过世,我心里很难过,自己一个人单独推着妈妈到太平间,我是信天主的,妈妈平常有拜观音,我正在想我能为妈妈做什么时,刚好有助念团的师兄助念完走过来,问我要不要助念,又说是完全免费的,那时我想既然免费有能对妈妈有帮助也与她的信仰没冲突,就答应助念(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C014</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><FONT size=5><STRONG>临终助念对家属来说,具有社会支持及悲伤辅导的意义。一般来说,若家属有意愿为临终者做助念,且有能力进行八小时的助念,他们就不会找助念团来助念。会找助念团助念或临时决定接受助念,此点显示出,家属面对临终者,他们无法全心全力来协助临终者,助他往生净土,或生到好处,或顺利往生,或送他一程,或为他做功德等,极需要外来即时的支援,这有几种状况;</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><STRONG><FONT size=5></FONT></STRONG></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)当医师宣布病危后,面对临终者,家属处于无奈、无助的状态,临终关怀可提供即时的心理支持,如</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">有一次晚上,我到林口长庚探视一位子宫颈癌的癌末病患,我到时,她住在普通病房,全身插满管子,不断的在出血,血流入一个袋子中,她已呈昏迷状态,呼吸困难混浊有声,她的女儿怀着身孕,无助的站在一旁,一位读国三的儿子也站在一旁,先生也在旁边,默默的面对着即将临<PERSONNAME productid="终的" wst="on">终的</PERSONNAME>太太,我开始为她做临终关怀<SPAN lang=EN-US>… </SPAN>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C001</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><FONT size=5><STRONG>又如</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><STRONG><FONT size=5></FONT></STRONG></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>有一次晚上十点多,我到长庚加护病房,探视一位约七十岁的肝癌患者,我去看他时,医生说他可能过不了今天晚上,他在昏迷中,且身上出的血一滴一滴的滴入集血袋中,他的太太四个小孩及弟弟,都在旁默默看望着他,护士主动借给他们一台念佛机正念着阿弥陀佛,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT face="Times New Roman">….</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>我跟他说话后,开始做临终关怀</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C002</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
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[[i] 本帖最后由 莲华勇士 于 2008-3-3 10:17 编辑 [/i]]
莲华勇士 2008-1-26 18:08
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)面对临终者,家属在做决定时,心理上需要宗教上的支持,如</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">有一次到林口长庚做临终关怀,那是位小孩子,母亲跟我说医生表示已没办法了,想要拔除他的呼吸器,让他走了,但不知如何处理是好,爷爷奶奶很疼他不知如何与他们沟通,在宗教上可以如何帮他,我说可以念佛帮他,请佛接引他往生极乐 <SPAN lang=EN-US>……</SPAN>, 后来家属说爷爷奶奶能谅解,准备给他一个单独的病房,一边念佛,然后拔下呼吸器,让他走<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C004</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><FONT size=5><STRONG>又如</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><STRONG><FONT size=5></FONT></STRONG></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">早上到林口长庚做临终关怀,临终者约五十几岁,肝昏迷气切插管,他的太太及女儿陪着他,我称呼他的名字时,他还会勉力睁眼望一下,有时手会不自主的想拔掉气切的插管,跟他做完临终关怀后,<SPAN lang=EN-US>… </SPAN>他太太告诉我,之前他有交代不要插管急救,但当时送到急诊室时,医生说不插管就会成为植物人,就插了管, 我想与医生商量是否可将插管移除,免得他那么痛苦,我劝他们跟他说说话,鼓励他放下念佛求生极乐世界,有需要再找我们来助念<SPAN lang=EN-US>….</SPAN>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C003</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)家属需要一段缓冲的时间来处理后事,临终助念正好具有这种功能,如</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">当我到达三军总医院时,学生已经急救不治死亡,正送往太平间,那太平间又小又吵,到时太平间已客满,没位子,旁边也有其他亡者的遗体,学生父亲到时<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN>满脸愁容,我问他愿不愿接受义务助念或要送回家去,他说家住永和都是四楼公寓,如何搬回家,就先给他助念好了,我请助念团的人来为他助念<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN>(<SPAN lang=EN-US>C005</SPAN>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)人力单薄的家属极需要有人协助,临终助念正好具有这种功能,如</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">有一次晚上,我单独到林口长庚往生室助念,到时往生室只有一间里头有一位亡者在里头,但没有家属,我想只有一位亡者,应该就是这一位,就开始为他助念,过了不久,一位年轻妇人走进来,我与她核对名字无误后,问他为何没有家属在此陪伴,他说我们家只有我们两个,我一个人实在忙不过来 <SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN>很谢谢您前来助念<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C006</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">)<SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><FONT size=5><STRONG>又如</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><STRONG><FONT size=5></FONT></STRONG></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">有一次晚上,我单独到林口长庚普通病房助念,我到时亡者已断气,亡者男性<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN>四十出头,舌癌,全身插了许多管子,尚在等待主治医师前来处理,他的小舅子在旁念佛陪他,他身上散发出一股令人做恶的味道,我定下心为他助念及开导,我要离去前,这位小舅子很感激的要向我下跪 <SPAN lang=EN-US>….</SPAN>我问他为何没其他家人在此陪他,如小孩或太太,他说因为姐夫和姊姊之前才刚大吵一架<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C007</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><FONT size=5><STRONG>又如</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><STRONG><FONT size=5></FONT></STRONG></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">…</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">那时晚上十点多,我和刘师兄前往,由于家属不在场,<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN>,助念不到半小时,亡者的老母带着亡者约七岁的女儿到场,<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN>,亡者老母解释家住在三重,老伴生病在家,儿子不知何因生病,转到长庚不久即过世,亡者太太早已离去,留下女儿,不知如何是好,又没人来帮忙,很感谢你们前来助念(<SPAN lang=EN-US>C013</SPAN>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)对家境清淡的家属来说,临终助念可以减轻经济负担</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>有一次单独到林口长庚医院往生室助念,到时见一老妇人在场状甚悲哀,我说明来意后,随即开始助念,并请她一起念佛,约一小时后,有一年轻人带人要来将亡者移走,我不明白为什么不继续助念,年轻人给我一张名片,是某礼仪公司的人员,老妇人向年轻人谈及我来助念的事,年轻人向其表示一切他都已安排,不须有任何表示,顿时心理知道为何只助念一小时,原来助念一事皆由这位年轻人安排,亡者可能生前即已买好生前契约,而老妇人可能希望为亡者做点什么,于是找我们来免费义务助念,算是他的服务,但可能只是应付一下老妇,并不是真正要为亡者助念求生西方,故只念一小时,当时觉得有被礼仪公司利用的感觉,但想助念毕竟对亡者及老妇人是有好处,此利用亦有价值。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C011</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>又如</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">最常去的助念地点是林口长庚医院,因为家住林口故,常又机会担任第一班的助念,第一班的人,要为临终者洒金刚明砂、放置舍利子及盖上陀罗尼被<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN>这些都是免费的服务。(<SPAN lang=EN-US>R015</SPAN>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)临终助念可以分担家属陪伴亡者的体力负担</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 12.0pt; tab-stops: 414.0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">由于助念时间长达八小时,家属们多日来照顾临终者已相当疲惫,我们会建议她们将人力分组与我们一起助念轮流休息减轻体力上的负担(<SPAN lang=EN-US>R014</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.2pt 0pt 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .1gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 12.0pt; tab-stops: 414.0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)临终助念人员可做为家属相关问题的谘询者,如</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">助念八个小时完以后,我们该怎么做呢?如果要回家去,就要联络接送的车子,若回家不太方便,可考虑直接送殡仪馆,<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN>可以放入冰柜了<SPAN lang=EN-US>….</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C012</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><FONT size=5><STRONG>又如</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><STRONG><FONT size=5></FONT></STRONG></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">…</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">师丈我父亲现在状况非常危急,<SPAN lang=EN-US>..</SPAN>。<SPAN lang=EN-US>..</SPAN>我帮您打电话请人去做临终关怀<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN>。那天来关怀的人是位学医的,父亲及家人经其直接了当的开导后,父亲及大家心理已有准备,父亲也能放下一切面对死亡的来临,<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN>(<SPAN lang=EN-US>C008</SPAN>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)、家属从临终助念的亲身体验或观察,改变了他们的信念或行为;如</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">您<SPAN lang=EN-US>XX</SPAN>跟我提起,助念时,每当您在跟您伯父说话时,他觉得您伯父都很专注在听您说话<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN>,他觉得佛教的方式很好</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><FONT size=5><STRONG>又如</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">主任得直肠癌,在台大临终的前后,他的家人一直都与我保持密切的联系,往生后助念团来助念,我也在场助念,助念过程中会跟主任讲讲话,当时师母也在场,<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN>有时他会提醒我,来赶快再跟主任讲讲话<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN>。<SPAN lang=EN-US>..</SPAN>主任女儿打电话来说,爸爸因往生时,呼吸很困难嘴巴张得大大的,但助念完后,妈妈对这一点很难过,助念完下午送我爸爸走时,妈妈很放不下心,又再看一次爸爸发现他嘴已经合起来,且带着微笑,妈妈感到很欣慰,我妈妈要我跟您说<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN>师母现在努力修持(<SPAN lang=EN-US>C012</SPAN>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><FONT size=5><STRONG>又如</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><STRONG><FONT size=5></FONT></STRONG></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">…</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">每当父亲出血不止时,我就不断的念六字大明咒,出血就会减缓,我觉得很不可思议,<SPAN lang=EN-US>…</SPAN>以后我也要帮人助念(<SPAN lang=EN-US>C008</SPAN>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>”</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><FONT size=5><STRONG>总结上述,</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><STRONG><FONT size=5></FONT></STRONG></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>四、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">临终助念的新铨释<SPAN lang=EN-US>---</SPAN>经典与</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>经验的交会</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>由本文初步探讨结果,临终助念的传统意义,或说根本意义,是为让临终者能保持念佛,感佛菩萨现前来迎,命终之时心不颠倒,因缘具足得以顺利往生西方净土。在早期的社会环境背景之下,其助念的对象与助念者大多以平日同修莲友为主,是一种“彼此互助”的型态。时至今日,传统经典的临终助念根本意义,一直承传到现代助念团及其团员,并且具体的表现在他们的身心做为上,诚如邹川雄(<SPAN lang=EN-US>2004</SPAN>)所言,经典就是我们,它不仅是过去式,更重要的是它是现在进行式,它仍活在我们心中。但由于社会环境背景已有了很大的变化,就临终者的家属而言,面对亲人的临终,临终助念对他们而言,除了有传统的意义外,尚有社会支持等的新意义。就此,临终助念对现代人有那些新的意义,其意义如何形成,对现代社会的影响若何,是值得我们去探讨的;也让我们从此去反思,临终助念的传统意义,如何在现代乃至未来的社会中,如何不断的有新的意义来形成,而能使其根本意义不断的从人的身心上承传下去,且能对人类生命做出更广泛的贡献。</STRONG></FONT></SPAN>
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[[i] 本帖最后由 莲华勇士 于 2008-3-3 10:19 编辑 [/i]]
莲华勇士 2008-1-26 18:09
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>五、代结论</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">---</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>本文的限制</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>笔者根据传统临终助念的理论与实务,将之实践于今日的临终助念中,从实务经验中发现到临终助念有其现代的意义。本文在研究方法上,分别采用文献探讨与扎根理论研究法,来探讨临终关怀的传统与现代意义。依本文初步探讨,临终助念在传统意义之外,对现代人有其新的意义,诸如社会支持等。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times></SPAN></STRONG></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>由于时间的关系等,本文尚有一段路要走。在临终关怀的现代意义部分,在研究方法上的运作将会进一步做较详细的说明,至于其适切性,则有待诸方先进的印证;在结果的部分,目前所呈现的,只是在开放性译码所得到的经验结果,未来还需朝主轴与选择性译码来下工夫,以呈现出较完整的经验结果。在</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">临终助念的新铨释<SPAN lang=EN-US>---</SPAN>经典与</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>经验的交会部分,将会随着未来新的经验结果的出现,及与其他相关文献的参照下,再做进一步的探讨。最后本文采用“新诠释”一词是否适当,则期待诸位师长慈悲指教。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times><FONT size=5><STRONG>参考文献</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>注<SPAN lang=EN-US>1(CBETA, T12, no. 366, p. 347, b9-15)</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>注<SPAN lang=EN-US>2(CBETA, T12, no. 365, p. 346, a12-22)
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>注<SPAN lang=EN-US>3(CBETA, T47, no. 1957, p. 3, c20-26)
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=5><STRONG>注<SPAN lang=EN-US>4(CBETA, T47, no. 1957, p. 3, c26-p. 4, a1)
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 27pt; TEXT-INDENT: -27pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.25"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>吴芝仪、廖梅花</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>译(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2003</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>):质性研究入门:扎根理论研究方法。台北市:涛石文化事业有限公司。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 27pt; TEXT-INDENT: -27pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.25"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>徐宗国</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>译(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1997</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>):质性研究概论。台北市:巨流图书公司。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 27pt; TEXT-INDENT: -27pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.25"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>邹川雄(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2004</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>):经典诠释与身心状态:本土化质性研究的另类观点,载于质性研究方法及其超越(林本炫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>何明修</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>编),第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">123</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">156</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>页。嘉义县:南华大学教社所。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 27pt; TEXT-INDENT: -27pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.25"><FONT size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>赖鹏举(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2004</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>)佛法对“临终正念”的定义及其在生命转换时的运作,佛教医学,第一期,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">93-120</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?;? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>页。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
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[[i] 本帖最后由 莲华勇士 于 2008-3-3 10:20 编辑 [/i]]
听佛曰 2008-7-6 12:33
:lol :lol :lol :handshake