弘一大师改过十训
<FONT face=宋体> <SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>、虚心 常人不解善恶，不畏因果，决不承认自己有过，更何论改？但古圣贤则不然。今举数例：孔子日：<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>五十以学易，可以无大过矣。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>又日：<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>闻义不能徙，不善不能改，是吾忧也。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>蘧伯玉为当时之贤人，彼使人于孔子。孔子与之坐而问焉，曰：<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>夫子何为？<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>对曰：<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>夫子欲寡其过而未能也。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>圣贤尚如此虚心，我等可以贡高自满乎！</FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>、慎独 吾等凡有所作所为，起念动心，佛菩萨乃至诸鬼神等，无不尽知尽见。若时时作如是想，自不敢胡作非为。曾子曰：<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>十目所视，十手所指，其严乎！<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>又引诗云：<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>战战兢兢，如临深渊，如履薄冰。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>此数语为余所常常忆念不忘者也。<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>、宽厚 造物所忌，曰刻曰巧。圣贤处事，惟宽惟厚。古训甚多，今不详录。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>、吃亏 古人云：<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>我不识何等为</ST1<IMG border="0" smilieid="7" alt=":P" src="./images/smilies/default/tongue.gif" />君子，但看每事肯吃亏的便是。我不识何等为小人，但看每事好便宜的便是。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>古时有贤人某临终，子孙请遗训，贤人曰：<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>无他言，尔等只要学吃亏。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>、寡言 此事最为紧要。孔子云：<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>驷不及舌<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>，可畏哉！古训甚多，今不详录。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>、不说人过 古人云：<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>时时检点自己且不暇，岂有功夫检点他人。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>孔子亦云：<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>躬自厚而薄责于人。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>以上数语，余常不敢忘。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">不言僧过<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>既僧人的过恶和缺点短处不可说<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>但僧人的见地如果不够<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>可以在不影响僧人威仪的前提下可委婉的指出<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>这便是在护持佛法<SPAN lang=EN-US>,)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>、不文己过 子夏曰：<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>小人之过也必文。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>我众须知文过乃是最可耻之事。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN>、不覆己过 我等倘有得罪他人之处，即须发大惭愧，生大恐惧。发露陈谢，忏悔前愆。万不可顾惜体面，隐忍不言，自诳自欺。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN>、闻谤不辩 古人云：<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>何以息谤？曰：无辩。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>又云：<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>吃得小亏，则不至于吃大亏。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>余三十年来屡次经验，深信此数语真实不虚。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN>、不嗔 嗔习最不易除。古贤云：<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>二十年治一怒字，尚未消磨得尽。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>但我等亦不可不尽力对治也。华严经云：<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>一念嗔心，能开百万障门。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>可不畏哉！<IMG alt="" src="http://bbs.fjnet.com/images/smilies/default/sweat.gif" border=0 smilieid="10"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
