anicata 2005-4-24 10:04
阿姜苏美多: 比丘的开示; 阿姜查对弟子的教育; 杰克.康菲尔德: 回忆阿姜查
<P>来自《森林之路》(Forest Path)
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<P><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT>译者注<FONT face="Times New Roman">:</FONT>阿姜苏美多是阿姜查的第一位西方弟子<FONT face="Times New Roman">, 1934</FONT>年出生于美国西雅图<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>朝鲜战争时曾为美军驻日海军医务兵<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>战后在华盛顿州立大学获东亚学学士<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>在加州大学柏克莱分校获得南亚研究硕士<FONT face="Times New Roman">, 1966</FONT>年作为和平工作团的志愿者来到泰国<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>有意寻找禅修老师<FONT face="Times New Roman">, 1967</FONT>年受比丘具足戒<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>一年后成了阿姜查的弟子。他回忆自己开始宣讲佛法的经历<FONT face="Times New Roman">:]
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<P>阿姜查在阿姜苏美多来到身边四年之后<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>决定时机成熟<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>可以让这位西方弟子开始一种新的训练<FONT face="Times New Roman">: </FONT>用语言表达佛法。
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<P>一天晚上<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>在访问另一所寺院时<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>阿姜查给阿姜苏美多来了个出奇不意。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>一群居家人聚集到寺院里<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>对来访比丘们表示敬意<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>没有事先提示<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>阿姜查便要他对那些居家人作开示。想到要登上佛法宣讲宝座<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>面对一大群听众<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>用一种自己还不太流利的语言作一场即席讲演<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>这个压力实在太大了。阿姜苏美多一下子僵硬起来<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>尽量带着礼貌坚决辞谢了。然而他信赖阿姜查<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>意识到自己只是在延迟无可回避<FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT>的工作<FONT face="Times New Roman">), </FONT>因此在受到阿姜查<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>邀请<FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT>在下一个戒日作开示时<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他默许了。阿姜查关于佛法开示不应当事先准备的观点<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>阿姜苏美多是很了解的<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>但觉得没有安全感。当时他在读一本关于佛教宇宙观的书<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>正在思考不同域界的生存与心理状态的关系。他为这场谈话作了一些笔记。<FONT face="Times New Roman">
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<P>戒日很快到了<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>阿姜苏美多作了开示。尽管他的用词仍然相当简单<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>谈话似乎进行得很顺利<FONT face="Times New Roman">. </FONT>他松了口气<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>很为自己骄傲。第二天一整天都有居家者与比丘们前来<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>对那场精彩的谈话表示欣赏之意<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他期待着也沐浴于老师的盛赞之下。可去阿姜查的库提下拜访时<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>却遇上一张皱着眉的石雕脸。阿姜查轻轻地说<FONT face="Times New Roman">: “</FONT>永远不要再那样做了。<FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT>这下他心里凉了。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>阿姜苏美多意识到<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>阿姜查知道他是事先把谈话想好再讲的<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>在他的眼里<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>尽管它是一场有才华<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>有趣<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>博学的谈话<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>那却不是佛法在说话<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>只是一些观念与聪明。作一场<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>精彩的谈话<FONT face="Times New Roman">”, </FONT>却不是谈话的目的。
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<P>为了培养佛法开示的正确态度<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>比丘必须学会面对一切。有一天晚上<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>阿姜查要阿姜苏美多讲三个小时。大约一小时之后<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>阿姜苏美多已经穷尽了最初的话题<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>开始漫游起来<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>寻找其它可谈的话题。他停一下<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>重复一下<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>又开始长长的东拉西扯。他眼看着听众们变得厌倦起来<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>烦躁起来<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>有的打起磕睡<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>有的走了出去。最后只剩下几位虔诚的老太太一直闭着眼坐在那里<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>象是轰炸过的平地上几株盘屈的树木。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>一切结束后<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>阿姜苏美多是这样回顾的<FONT face="Times New Roman">:
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<P><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>这对我是个有益的经历。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>我意识到<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>龙波要我看清楚的<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>是这种怕尴尬<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>故作姿态<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>骄傲<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>自满<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>怨言<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>懒惰<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>不愿意受到麻烦<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>想要让别人满意<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>想要娱乐别人<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>想要获得赞赏的心态。<FONT face="Times New Roman">”
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[align=right][color=#000066][此贴子已经被作者于2005-5-13 12:22:57编辑过][/color][/align]
anicata 2005-5-13 12:13
<P 0pt? 0in><B>杰克</B><B><FONT face="Times New Roman"> . </FONT></B><B>康菲尔德回忆阿姜查</B><B>
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<P 0pt? 0in><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ajahn Chah Remembered
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<P 0pt? 0in>来自《林居僧伽》(Forest Sangha)
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<P 0pt? 0in>杰克<FONT face="Times New Roman"> . </FONT>康菲尔德于七十年代早期出家时<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>曾受教于尊者阿姜查。他在还俗之后<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>在美国继续传授禅修与佛法。他这篇谈话里<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>回忆了阿姜查的智慧与教育方式。
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<P 0pt? 0in>阿姜查的教育方式有四个层次<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>每一种教法<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>尽管对学生来讲有时很艰苦<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>却是带着高度的幽默与慈悲之心进行的。阿姜查教导说<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>除非我们开始尊重自己与周遭环境<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>修持就不会进步。修持的基础是尊严<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>它来自舍弃<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>来自一丝不苟的持戒。在我们西方<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>许多人把自由理解成做自己想做的事<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>但我想<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>你们可以看见<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>随心所欲并不一定就特别自由。实际上这样做是很麻烦的。<FONT face="Times New Roman">
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<P 0pt? 0in>佛法所教导的深度自由<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>是形式内的自由<FONT face="Times New Roman">: </FONT>自由存在于我们与其他人相处时<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>存在于我们生来的有局限的身体里<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>也存在于严格的僧侣戒律之中。阿姜查所做的<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>是创造了一个尊严与严格的环境。他切实地迫使人们舍弃<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>也许这种舍弃一辈子从未这样被要求过<FONT face="Times New Roman">----</FONT>他要求人们奉献<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>密切观察<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>全心全意。有时修行进入佳境<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>心智清净起来<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>你会以儿时以来不曾有过的方式<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>呼吸品尝着空气。但有时修行很艰难。他说<FONT face="Times New Roman">, “</FONT>艰苦并不是目的<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>目的是想办法从中获得内在自由。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> ”
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<P 0pt? 0in>我们有时必须一连坐禅几个小时<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>比丘的禅修大厅是石板地<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>亚洲那里不用座垫。每人有一块方布<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>把它铺在地上<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>然后就坐在上面。我记得自己一开始<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>坐在地上实在太痛苦了<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>于是清早来到大厅里<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>找一个梁柱旁的位子<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>然后靠着柱子坐禅。过了一个星期<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>阿姜查召集比丘们在晚课之后进行开示<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他讲到真正修持佛法<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>必须独立于任何情形<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>不需要倚靠任何东西。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>然后他就看着我。<FONT face="Times New Roman">
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<P 0pt? 0in>有时候<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>你坐着<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他跟别人谈话<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>或者接待来访者<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他不解散僧众<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>你就不能离开。你坐着坐着<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>看看内心<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>它会这样想<FONT face="Times New Roman">: “</FONT>难道他不知道我们还坐这吗<FONT face="Times New Roman">? </FONT>他难道不知道我很渴<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>想起身吗<FONT face="Times New Roman">? ” </FONT>他还在一直讲<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>可他心里很明了。于是你就坐着<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>坐着<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>观照心里的所有动态。我们有时得一坐几小时。林居僧的坚忍素质<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>能够一直坐着坐着坐着<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>是很重要的。<FONT face="Times New Roman">
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<P>他相信人们既然来这里学习<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>是为了有所进步<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>假如那样做需要艰苦<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他认为那就得艰苦。他不介意人们过得不舒服。他们感到苦恼时<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他会走上前去说<FONT face="Times New Roman">: “</FONT>你在生气吗<FONT face="Times New Roman">? </FONT>是谁的错<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>我的还是你的<FONT face="Times New Roman">? ” </FONT>因此人们实在必须放下许多<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>但这样做<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>并不是为他对他做<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>而是为自己。通过舍弃<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>从中得到尊严<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>人们学会敞开心意<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>有所明察。我们修行时<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>一个基本要点是必须对自己<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>对世界<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>毫不畏惧<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>怀有诚实的态度<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>就象他那样。<FONT face="Times New Roman">
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<P 0pt? 0in>有时候他坐在库提下<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>各色各样的居家人<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>弟子会来看他<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>有些比丘弟子也坐在一边<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他就会取笑那些弟子。他会说<FONT face="Times New Roman">: “</FONT>我向你介绍我的比丘弟子。这位比丘<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>喜欢睡大觉。这位<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>老是生病<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>健康是他的头等大事<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>总是在操心身体。这位是个大肚客<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>吃得比两三个比丘还要多。还有这位<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>是个怀疑家<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>好疑心<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>不可自拔。你相信吗<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他同时有三个太太。这一位<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>十分喜欢坐禅<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>一天到晚坐在库提里<FONT face="Times New Roman">; </FONT>我想他是怕别人。<FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT>接着他指着自己说<FONT face="Times New Roman">: “</FONT>我自己<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>我喜欢扮演老师的角色。<FONT face="Times New Roman">”
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<P 0pt? 0in>有一次<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他来美国<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>有个人曾经跟他出家很久<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>之后还俗<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>又出家成为<FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT>日系<FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT>禅宗法师<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>这次来为阿姜查作翻译。因此他说<FONT face="Times New Roman">: “</FONT>我搞不懂这个家伙。他既不算是比丘<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>又不算是居家人。他一定是个好异装者。<FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT>于是在向人们作介绍时<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他就一直当他是某位小姐<FONT face="Times New Roman">----</FONT>弗兰克或者约翰什么的。<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>这是约翰小姐。我向你介绍我的翻译<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他好穿异装。老拿不定主意。<FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT>他说话极其风趣<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>却又毫不退却地诚实。他真的能够迫使人们面对自己<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>面对自己的执取。我在这里为他作翻译时<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他说<FONT face="Times New Roman">: “</FONT>尽管我一点不会英语<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>我知道<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>实际上译者把我讲的实在难听的话<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>都留下不译。我同你们讲一些听着难受的话<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他却把刺话隐去<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>改译成温和<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>柔软的话给你们听。你们不能相信他。<FONT face="Times New Roman">”
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<P>首先是尊严与舍弃<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>人们在愿意彻底按照佛法要求生活时<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>就看见这样做的力量了。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>接下来第二个层次<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>是学会诚实地观察<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>诚实地面对自己<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>面对周围的人<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>看见自己的局限<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>不拘泥于外在形式。我问他<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>新弟子的最大毛病是什么<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他说<FONT face="Times New Roman">, “</FONT>对一切都有观点和看法。他们是这样受的教育。认为自己很有知识。他们来找我<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>又怎么能学到什么呢<FONT face="Times New Roman">? </FONT>智慧要靠自己的观察与培养。从老师那里学好的<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>但是要关注的是自己的修行。假如我在休息<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>让你们一直坐禅<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>你们会不会生气<FONT face="Times New Roman">? </FONT>假如我说天不是蓝的<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>而是红的<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>就不要盲目跟随我。我有一个老师吃饭很快<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>还发出巨声<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>可是他却要我们带着念住慢慢吃。我曾经观察他<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>感到很生气。我有苦<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他却不苦。后来我理解了。有的人开快车却很仔细<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>其他人开慢车<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>还出许多车祸。不要执着于规矩与外表。假如你带着百分之十的心念观察他人<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>百分之九十的心念观察自己<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>这就是正确的修持。我过去曾经观察我的老师阿姜同如<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>满腹疑问。人们甚至说他疯疯癫癫的<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>会做些怪事<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>对弟子大发雷霆。外表上他很生气<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>内心却空无一人<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>无所羁绊。他很了不起。一直到死<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>始终保持着清醒的念住。看身外<FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT>的人事<FONT face="Times New Roman">), </FONT>是在作比较<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>有分别<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>你那样不会找到幸福。假如你把时间花在寻找完美的男子<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>完美的女子<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>完美的老师上面<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>是无法找到宁静的。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> ”
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<P 0pt? 0in>佛陀教导我们观想佛法<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>观想真理<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>不去检查别人<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>要明辨真相<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>明辨自身<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>了解自己的局限。罗摩<FONT face="Times New Roman"> . </FONT>达斯<FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT>美国求道者<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>前哈佛大学教授<FONT face="Times New Roman">----</FONT>译者注<FONT face="Times New Roman">) </FONT>曾经向他问起个人局限<FONT face="Times New Roman">: “</FONT>假如自己的工作尚未完成<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>假如自己尚未彻底觉悟<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>是否可以执教<FONT face="Times New Roman">? ” </FONT>他回答<FONT face="Times New Roman">: “</FONT>要诚实待人。传授你内心懂得的<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>告诉人们有可能达到的。你只能拿起小石块时<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>就不要假装能举起大石块。不过<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>你告诉人们<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>假如练习<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>努力<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>就可能把它举起来<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>也没有什么不对。但是必须直言不讳<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>要能判断什么是真正合理的<FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT>教法<FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT>。<FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT>舍弃<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>从舍弃获得尊严<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>真正无懈可击的持戒<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>这就是基础。接下来是明辨<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>观照内在的真相<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>了解自己的局限与执取。他传授的第三个方式是<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>努力下工夫。<FONT face="Times New Roman">
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<P>努力的意思有两个<FONT face="Times New Roman">: </FONT>一个是克服障碍与五盖<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>另一个是放下<FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT>执取<FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT>。克服障碍是这样<FONT face="Times New Roman">: </FONT>我作的第一个佛法开示<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>是在一个大型集会上<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>那天是万佛节<FONT face="Times New Roman">(Magha Puja), </FONT>大厅里聚集了五百到上千村民。我们整夜坐禅<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>交替着坐一个小时<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>然后听一位分寺里的老师作一段开示。当时他有好几百名比丘弟子<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>那天从分寺汇集到这里。于是半夜里<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>没有任何准备<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他就说<FONT face="Times New Roman">: “</FONT>现在我们听一位西方比丘讲法。<FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT>我从来没有作过佛法开示<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>更不用说用当地寮系方言开示了。没有时间<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>只得起身<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>说出我所能说的。他让自己的西方大弟子<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>阿姜苏美多作开示。一个小时后苏美多讲完了<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>阿姜查说<FONT face="Times New Roman">, “</FONT>再讲<FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT>。于是苏美多又讲了半小时<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>阿姜查说<FONT face="Times New Roman">, “</FONT>接着讲。<FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT>于是又是半小时<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>三刻钟<FONT face="Times New Roman">; </FONT>他没啥可讲的<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>人们感到无趣<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他也无趣<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>于是结束了话头。阿姜查说<FONT face="Times New Roman">, “</FONT>接着讲。<FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT>又是半小时<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>三刻钟<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>越来越无趣<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>能讲的都讲完了。人们在打磕睡。苏美多不知道要讲什么<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>最后结束了<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>阿姜查说<FONT face="Times New Roman">, “</FONT>再讲一点。<FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT>又是半小时<FONT face="Times New Roman">----</FONT>这真是最最无趣的一场谈话<FONT face="Times New Roman">! </FONT>为什么要这样做<FONT face="Times New Roman">? </FONT>他使阿姜苏美多学会了怎样不怕自己显得无趣。实在了不起。
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[align=right][color=#000066][此贴子已经被作者于2005-5-13 12:21:33编辑过][/color][/align]
anicata 2005-5-13 12:14
<P>[续 康菲尔德]</P><P>他鼓励人们去身处有惧怕感的场合。有人怕鬼<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>就要他们去在野外的火葬地里整夜坐禅。我有时也去<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>因为我不怕鬼<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>因此这是一种炫耀<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>但对他们来讲确实很恐怖。或者他会要人们到外地的密林深处禅定<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>正视自己对老虎的畏惧。修持的意义正是要让自己去对付困难<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>克服它们。你不喜欢什么<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他就逼你做什么。假如你喜欢独自坐在森林里<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他就把你分配到曼谷一家城市寺院里。假如你喜欢市区<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>生活轻松<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>食物可口<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他就把你送到哪个穷乡僻壤的森林寺里<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>只有米饭和树叶可吃。他是个很特别的捣乱者<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>对你的心眼一清二楚<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>不知怎么的就能把它们找出来<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>以一种滑稽<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>温和<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>然而直接的方式<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>切实地让你自己看见<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>你在怕什么<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>在执取什么。恐惧<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>无聊<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>焦躁<FONT face="Times New Roman">----</FONT>好<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>就去坐着经历它们<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>无聊<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>焦躁着死去。他经常这样说<FONT face="Times New Roman">: </FONT>死在焦躁里<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>死在畏惧里<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>死在无聊里。人们打磕睡<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>好<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他就让你修苦行<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>一坐一整夜<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>假如你不愿坐着<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>就得经行<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>再经行<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>实在磕睡<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>就倒着经行。无论怎么做<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>就是要逆着它<FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT>心性<FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT>而行。<p></p></P><P>对于嗔怒<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>焦躁<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>也一样。他说<FONT face="Times New Roman">, “</FONT>你焦躁不安。好吧<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>回去坐禅。你越焦躁<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>就越要多坐<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>而不是少坐。<FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT>他说<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>就好象把老虎关在念住的笼子里饿死。倒不是你要对老虎做什么<FONT face="Times New Roman">----</FONT>这个老虎就是你的嗔怒<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>焦躁<FONT face="Times New Roman">----</FONT>而是让它在笼子里游荡。而你禅坐时<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>就在它周围建起了一座笼子。他能够切实地让人们看清楚自己身处何处<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>迫使人们面对<FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT>杂染<FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT>。尽管如此<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他行事却带着幽默感与平衡感。除了极少数情况下<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他不许弟子断食斋戒。他甚至不许弟子独自长久闭关<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>除非他感到那样对他们切实有益。对有些人<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他叫他们做工<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>说<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>你要了解牛车的力量<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>但不要超载。<FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT>他为每个人按着自己的步伐成长创造了空间。这第一部分的努力<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>就是克服困难。他说<FONT face="Times New Roman">, “</FONT>佛法的修持<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>就是逆向而行。假如你喜欢冷<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>就要来热的<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>假如你喜欢软的<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>就拿硬的。<FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT>不管怎样<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>要切实愿意舍弃<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>才能获得自由。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P><P>第二部分的努力<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>是修持念住<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>注意周遭<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>放下一切。在形色方面<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>这就意味着放下对物品的执取。不过<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>放下<FONT face="Times New Roman">”, </FONT>也指放下习俗。他建立了一个训练西方弟子的寺院<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>如今还在<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>我记得村民们来向他抱怨。这些西方人在庆祝圣诞节<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>还有圣诞树什么的。村民们说<FONT face="Times New Roman">:”</FONT>看看<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>你跟我们说<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>村里会有一座佛教森林寺<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>可这些洋人却在搞什么圣诞节。那样做似乎是不对的。<FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT>于是他就听他们抱怨<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>然后说<FONT face="Times New Roman">: “</FONT>这个<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>按照我的了解<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>基督教的教导是<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>要有慈爱之心<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>有舍弃<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>有同情心<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>对邻居如同对自己<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>要奉献<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>不要执取<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>有许多与佛法类似。在我看来<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他们庆祝圣诞节<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>是可以的<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>特别这是一个鼓励布施<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>慷慨<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>与爱心的节日。不过假如你们坚持<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>我们就不在那里庆祝圣诞节了。<FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT>村民们放心了。他说<FONT face="Times New Roman">, “</FONT>我们会庆祝<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>不过我们称它是基督佛陀节<FONT face="Times New Roman">(ChrisBuddhamas)</FONT>。<FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT>于是就那样过了节日。人们很满意<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>他也满意。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P><P>禅修并不是要通过某种特定的形式<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>而是放下形式<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>放下疑虑。他说<FONT face="Times New Roman">, “</FONT>你必须学会观察疑虑的升起。疑虑是自然的<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>我们一开始都会有疑虑。重要的是<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>你不要认同那个疑虑<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>或者卡在周而复始的疑虑循环中。而只去观照疑虑的整个过程。观照它怎样升起离去。这样你就不再成为它的牺牲者。<FONT face="Times New Roman">“ </FONT>要观照它<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>了解它<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>放下它。对待判断与恐惧<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>也是一样。要去感受它<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>经历它<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>当它是生理事件<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>心理事件<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>却不受它的牵扯。最终就会看清楚这些动态<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>有那些比较艰难的动态<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>比如嗔怒<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>恐惧<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>磕睡<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>怀疑<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>焦躁<FONT face="Times New Roman">; </FONT>也有那些比较精细的动态<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>比如我们对骄傲<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>静止<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>宁静<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>甚至洞见的执取。就这样观照它们<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>让它们自行来去<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>因此达到一种深刻的安祥。<p></p></P><DIV medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt"><P medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in">他说<FONT face="Times New Roman">, “</FONT>一次坐上几个小时<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>并不是必须的。有些人认为坐得越长久越有智慧。我还见过母鸡抱窝<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>一坐好几天哩。智慧来自于对一切姿势保持念住。修持应该从一早醒来开始<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>直到夜晚睡着为止。每个人有自己的修持步伐。你们有的人五十岁死<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>有的人六十五岁死<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>还有的人九十岁死。因此<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>你们的修行也不会一样。不要为此担心。重要的是<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>无论你在工作<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>禅坐<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>或者如厕<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>都要保持觉醒。努力念住<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>让事情按着自然规律发生。你的心智就会在任何环境下越来越安静。它会象森林里的清水池塘那样静止。你会看见世界上的一切自然现象<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>看见许多奇妙的事来来去去<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>但依然保持静止。这就是佛陀的快乐与智慧。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> ”<p></p></FONT></P><P medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in"><p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></p></P></DIV><P 0in 0in 0pt"><a href="http://www.fsnewsletter.net/27/27.htm" target="_blank" ><FONT face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.fsnewsletter.net/27/27.htm/" target="_blank" >http://www.fsnewsletter.net/27/27.htm</FONT></A>\</A></P><P 0in 0in 0pt"> </P><P 0in 0in 0pt"><p></p> </P><P>[IMG]http://www.fsnewsletter.net/27/chah.jpg[/IMG]</P><P 0in 0in 0pt">前排为阿姜查<FONT face="Times New Roman">, 后立者</FONT>从左到右<FONT face="Times New Roman">: </FONT>伯恩斯博士<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>阿姜苏美多<FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT>杰克<FONT face="Times New Roman">.</FONT>康菲尔德<FONT face="Times New Roman">.<p></p></FONT></P>